Resources for Yevamos daf 60
1. The גמרא says that according to רב if a כהן גדול marries אנוסת עצמו ומפותת עצמו he must divorce her. However, according to everyone if one marries a בוגרת or מוכת עץ you don’t have to divorce her since she will eventually be a בעולה תחתיו anyway. The איסור for a כהן גדול to marry בעולת עצמו is a מחלוקת ראשונים whether it is דאורייתא or not. תוספות in ד"ה שאינו sounds like the איסור to marry her is דאורייתא but the obligation to divorce her is only דרבנן. The תוספות ישנים back on נ"ה ע"ב suggested the whole איסור to marry אנוסת עצמו is דרבנן. Either way, it would seem that the איסור for a כהן גדול to marry a בוגרת is an איסור דאורייתא since the פּסוק says והוא אשה בבתוליה יקח and she is not a בתולה. This brings us to a fundamental question: there is no such thing as "בדיעבד" by a דין דאורייתא (the ריטב"א says this at the beginning of סוכה). If so, how could it be that you can’t marry a בוגרת מדאורייתא but if you did you can stay married to her? If it’s אסור you should have to divorce her! The זכר ליצחק in סימן ס"ה אות ב makes this point and says that this should tell us that the איסור to marry a בעולה is only at the beginning when you are מקדש her. But If so, why couldn’t you stay married to בעולת עצמו or even בעולת חברו if it only applies at the time you are מקדש her? He answers with a major יסוד: there are two parts to the דין of בתולה. First, there is a מצות עשה for a כהן גדול to marry a בתולה. Second, there is an איסור עשה to marry a בעולה. The איסור עשה lasts forever, but the positive מצוה is only at the time you marry her. Therefore, the only reason you can’t marry a בוגרת or מוכת עץ is because you won’t do the positive מצוה of marrying a בתולה. However, they aren’t a בעולה so once you married them everyone would agree you can stay married. However, by בעולת עצמו, she is a בעולה and that איסור remains forever which is why you must divorce her.
2. The גמרא says that according to ר"ש, a גיורת who converts when she is less than three years old is מותרת לכהונה and the חכמים disagree. There is a מחלוקת ראשונים as to what the issues is with a child less than three years old. רש"י says she was בחזקת נבעלת לעכו"ם in which case she is a זונה which would be a פּסול דאורייתא. The ריטב"א asks several “bomb” questions on this: first, babies less than three years old cannot possibly be considered בחזקת נבעלה even by depraved societies. Second, even if she was נבעלה, a ביאה of a girl less than three years old doesn’t count as a ביאה anyway as the משנה said earlier on דף נ"ז ע"ב. Lastly, the גמרא in קידושין דף ע"ח says that the מחלוקת ר"ש ורבנן is how to be דורש a פּסוק in יחזקאל that says כהנים must marry “כי אם בתולות מזרע ישראל”. The חכמים learn that פּסוק to means that she has to be נזרעה בישראל which means born Jewish and ר"ש says she just have to have נזרעו בתוליה בישראל which means she converted by age three. Based on these questions, the ריטב"א concludes that ר"ש and the חכמים are arguing about an איסור דאורייתא which is not connected to ביאה. Rather, the רבנן learn that she has a status of a זונה דאורייתא and יחזקאל came and was אסמכיה אקרא whereas ר"ש holds it’s מותר. However, the ראב"ד in הלכות איסורי ביאה פּרק י"ח הל׳ ג says that according to the רבנן the איסור is solely because of the פּסוק in יחזקאל which should mean she is only an איסור דרבנן. There is a fascinating חכמת שלמה in אבן העזר סימן ו׳ אות ח׳ who asks the following: if you hold the איסור of a גיורת is only דרבנן, what was the proof from the פּסוק that says “החיו לכם” that a גיורת less than three years old must be permissible to a כהן since פּנחס was there--it’s only a דין דרבנן! The חומש isn’t going to be telling you not to do something because it’s an איסור דרבנן! He suggests that perhaps the גמרא’s proof is because the תורה explicitly allows you to marry a גיורת less than three years old and the ט"ז has a famous יסוד that anything the תורה explicitly says you can do, the חכמים can’t along later and forbid. However, he rejects this since the next line of the גמרא asks why it doesn’t apply to a גיורת above three which the תורה did not explicitly allow. Ho leaves it as a question.
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