Siman - Yoma Daf 78
- It is forbidden to sit on mud on Yom Kippur
Yehudah bar Gerogaros taught in a Baraisa, אסור לישב על גבי טינא ביום הכפורים – It is forbidden to sit on mud on Yom Kippur. Rashi explains that the moistness of the mud effects a pleasure like washing. Rebbe Yehoshua ben Levi said ובטינא מטפחת – and the Baraisa speaks of mud that oozes moisture. Abaye said, ובטופח על מנת להטפיח – And the Baraisa speaks of mud that is moist to the degree that it can give whatever it touches the capacity to moisten something else.
Rav Yehudah said, מותר להצטנן בפירות – It is permitted to cool oneself with fruits, and he would cool himself off with squash. Rabbah would cool himself off with a baby. Rava would cool himself off with a silver cup.
- It is permitted to wearing non-leather shoes on Yom Kippur
Rebbe Elazar was asked two questions, the second one being, מהו לצאת בסנדל של שעם ביום הכפורים – What is the halachah with regard to going out with a sandal made of rush? When the Mishnah prohibits wearing shoes, does it mean shoes in the strict halachic sense of shoes, which are shoes made from leather, or does it mean to prohibit any footwear? Rebbe Yitzchak bar Nachmani rose to his feet and said that he observed Rebbe Yehoshua ben Levi going out with a sandal made of rush on Yom Kippur, which proves it is permitted. He asked him what is the halachah on a taanis tzibur and Rebbe Yehoshua ben Levi said there is no difference.
Rav Yehudah went out on Yom Kippur with sandals made of hitni, which Rashi explains is a type of rush. Abaye went out with sandals made of palm leaves. Rava went out with sandals made of grass. Rabbah bar Rav Huna would wrap a kerchief around his foot and go out.
- Children are permitted in all the pleasures except for wearing shoes
It was taught in a Baraisa, תינוקות מותרין בכולן חוץ מנעילת הסנדל – Small children are permitted to engage in all the pleasures that are prohibited on Yom Kippur except for wearing shoes. After the Gemara’s first explanation for why wearing shoes is different is challenged, the Gemara concludes הנך דלאו רביתייהו גזרו בהו רבנן – The Rabbanon prohibited those pleasures, such as wearing shoes, that are not necessary for the child’s development, הנך דרביתייהו לא גזרו בהו רנבן – but the Rabbanon did not prohibit those pleasures, such as washing and anointing, that are necessary for the child’s development. For Abaye said, אמרה לי אם, My mother told me, referring to the nursemaid that raised him after his mother died in childbirth, the development of a child requires bathing him in warm water and anointing him with oil; when he grows a bit older, it requires feeding him egg with kutach, the dipping sauce made of sour milk, moldy bread crusts and salt; גדל פורתא תבורי מאני – when he grows a bit older, it requires his breaking utensils. Rashi explains that one must give his child utensils to break so that the child can satisfy his impulses. This is in line with Rabbah’s practice of buying inexpensive cracked clay utensils for his sons and they would break them.
