Siman - Yoma Daf 65
- מת המשתלח ישפך הדם
The Mishna on Daf 62a stated that Rebbe Yehudah further said, If the blood of the se’ir "for Hashem" spilled before it could be sprinkled, the se’ir l’Azazel should be left to die. מת המשתלח ישפך הדם - If the se’ir l’Azazel died before the blood of the "se’ir for Hashem" could be sprinkled, the blood of the "se’ir for Hashem" must be poured out. The Gemara here asks, that is understandable that when the blood of the "se’ir for Hashem" spilled, that the se’ir l’Azazel must be left to die, דאכתי לא איתעביד מצותיה – because the mitzvah of the "se’ir for Hashem", referring to the throwing of its blood, has not yet been carried out. But in the case in which the se’ir l’Azazel died, why must it be replaced, such that a new lottery needs to be carried out and the blood of the se’ir l’Hashem spilled out? הא איתעביד ליה מצותיה – The mitzvah of the se’ir l’Azazel has already been carried out? The only avodah that is essential for the se’ir l’Azazel is the performance of the lottery. The Gemara answers that it was said in the yeshivah of Rebbe Yannai, that the passuk concerning the se’ir l’Azazel states, "יעמד חי לפני ה' לכפר" – It shall be stood alive before Hashem, to atone. This implies that it is necessary to be alive, עד שעת מתן דמים של חבירו – until the blood applications of its fellow goat, which effects kaparah, are completed. If the se’ir l’Azazel dies beforehand, a new goat must be brought to complete the Yom Kippur avodah.
- Rebbe Yehudah’s ruling for lost and found shekalim vs. lost and found Yom Kippur se’irim
The Gemara brings a Baraisa where Rebbe Yehudah rules that in a case where residents of a town sent their machtzis hashekel coins to the Beis Hamikdash, and they were subsequently lost and then found after other coins were contributed, עולין להן לשנה הבאה – the original coins are credited to the contributors for the following year. Rava said that Rebbe Yehudah holds חובות של שנה זו קריבות לשנה הבאה – obligations designated for this year, may be offered during the following year. Abaye challenged Rava’s explanation of Rebbe Yehudah from a Baraisa, where Rebbe Yehudah ruled that in a case where the par and the se’ir of Yom Kippur were lost, and then found after others were separated and offered in their place, כולן ימותו – all the original animals shall be left to die. According to Rava’s explanation, these animals should be left for the following year. The Gemara will bring three resolutions that are rejected.
- מצוה להביא מן החדש
Rava responded to Abaye that the Yom Kippur par and se’ir are different than the shekalim since they are korbanos tzibur which are purchased with funds purchased from the terumas halishkah and starting with Rosh Chodesh Nissan they may not be purchased with last year’s funds. This in accordance with the teaching of Rebbe Tavi in the name of Rebbe Yoshiyah regarding the passuk that states, "זאת עלת חדש בחדשו לחדשי השנה" – this is the olah of Rosh Chodesh at its renewal, for the months of the year. The Torah is teaching that: חדש והבא לי קרבן מתרומה חדשה – Renew the sacrificial service and bring Me an offering from a new separation, meaning from funds from the newly collected shekalim. This is the reason that found animals may not be used for the Yom Kippur avodah the following year. The Gemara brings a number of objections. one being that Rav Yehudah said in the name of Shmuel that while it is a mitzvah to bring the offerings from the new funds, if one brought them from the old funds, he has fulfilled his chiyuv, just not in the optimal way.
