Siman - Yoma Daf 55
- כשהוא מזה אינו מזה על הכפרת
A Baraisa taught regarding the Kohen Gadol’s sprinkling of the bloods in the Kodesh Hakedoshim, כשהוא מזה אינו מזה על הכפורת אלא כנגד עוביה של כפורת – When he sprinkles one time above, he does not sprinkle on the kapores, so that the blood will touch its top, but only opposite the thickness of the kapores, without the drops of blood actually coming in contact with it. When he sprinkles one time above, he turns the back of his hand downward, and sprinkles upward, and when he sprinkles seven times below, he turns the back of his hand upward, and sprinkles downward.The Gemara asks for the source that the first sprinklings of the bull blood and goat blood are not aimed to come in contact with the top of kapores but are merely sprinkled upwards. Rav Acha bar Yaakov said in the name of Rebbe Zeira, the passuk states regarding the blood of the goat, והזה אתו על הכפרת ולפני הכפרת - and he shall sprinkle it upon the kapores (meaning “above”) and in front of the kapores (meaning “below”). Since the reference to “below” is not necessary, given that it can be learned out from the law of “below” from the blood of the bull, we can use the word "below" to learn a hekesh of "על" ל"לפני" – from the sprinklings "upon" the kapores to the sprinklings "in front of" the kapores. Just as the sprinklings done before the kapores do not reach the kapores, so too the sprinkling above does not reach the kapores.
- אחת אחת ואחת אחת ושתים אחת ושלש
We learned from the Mishnah on Daf 53b, that when the Kohen Gadol counted the haza’os, הזאה ראשונה צריכה מנין עם כל אחת ואחת – the first sprinkling (i.e., the one directed upward) must be counted along with each and every one of the successive haza’os, (i.e., the seven directed downward). Rebbe Elazar said the reason is שלא יטעה בהזאות – so that he will not err in the counting of the sprinklings. Rashi explains that by counting the first sprinkling with each of the seven, the Kohen Gadol gains a moment to concentrate between each of the seven countings, which prevents him from inadvertently skipping or repeating a number. Rebbe Yochanan said that the reason is based on the passuk, ולפני הכפרת יזה – and in front of the kapores he shall sprinkle. Since there was no need to state יזה, since sprinkling was mentioned earlier in the passuk, it is coming to teach that the first haza’ah must be counted with each of the next seven. According to Rebbe Yochanan, if someone did not count the first one each time but did not err in the haza’os, he has not fulfilled his chiyuv and must repeat the haza’os.
- לא היו שופרות לקיני חובה מפני התערובת
We learned in the Mishnah on Daf 53b, that according to Rebbe Yehudah, there was only a single stand to hold the containers of blood for after the haza’os. The Gemara brings a related ruling from a Baraisa, that states that Rebbe Yehudah says לא היו שופרות לקיני חובה מפני התערובת – There were no collection boxes in the azarah for the obligatory kinim, because of the danger of intermixing the chatas with the olah. The Gemara asks what is meant by the danger of intermixing, and after rejecting the initial interpretations, concludes that the decree was enacted because of חטאת שמתו בעליה ודאי – the possibility of intermixing a chatas whose owner has certainly died. If he dies before the contents of the box are offered, all the monies in the box will be rendered invalid.
