Siman - Yoma Daf 24
- תרומת הדשן בקומץ
Rebbe Avin inquired, תרומת הדשן בכמה – How much ash is the terumas hadeshen performed with? Do we derive the amount from terumas maaser, where one tenth is separated, or do we derive it from the תרומת מדין, the contribution taken from the spoils of Midyan, where one five-hundredth was taken? The Gemara brings an explicit proof, for Rebbe Chiya taught in a Baraisa, it is stated here, regarding the separating of the ash, והרים – He shall separate the ash, and it is stated there, regarding a minchah offering, והרים – He shall separate his kometz from it. Just as by the minchah he separates the amount of his kometz, so too here he separates the amount of his kometz. Rashi explains that we do not require exactly this amount for the terumas hadeshen, because it is impossible for the Kohen to put his hand into the heap of ash, which contains burning embers. Rather, the kometz measure is only an estimation. The Kohen estimates the size of his kometz and removes at least that amount with a kli.
- Which avodos is a zar chayav misa for?
The Gemara brings a machlokes Amoraim whether a non-Kohen is chayav מיתה בידי שמים for doing תרומת הדשן. Rav said, ארבע עבודות חייב עליהן מיתה – There are four avodos that a זר is chayav מיתה – zerikah, haktarah, nisuch hamayim and nisuch hayain. But Levi says, אף תרומת הדשן – also for terumas hadeshen. Rav’s reason is based on the passuk that states, “You (Aharon) and your sons with you, shall safeguard your priesthood regarding every matter of the mizbayach within the paroches, and you shall serve, "עבדת מתנה אתן את כהנתכם והזר הקרב יומת” – I have presented your priesthood as a service that is a gift (or: as a service of application) and a non-Kohen who approaches shall die. עבדת מתנה ולא עבדת סילוק – A service of application, such as applying blood to the mizbayach, and not a service of removal, such as removing the ash. Furthermore, the passuk earlier stated, ועבדתם – and you shall serve, which can be interpreted to mean עבודה תמה ולא עבודה שיש אחריה עבודה – a concluding avodah, and not an avodah that has another avodah after it.
Levi says, רבי רחמנא "לכל דבר המזבח" – The Torah included the terumas hadeshen in the passuk by stating the general phrase, לכל דבר המזבח – regarding every matter of the mizbayach.
- What do the Kohanim wear when drawing lots?
The Gemara asks, במה מפיסין – In what garments are the Kohanim dressed when they cast lots? Rav Nachman says, בבגדי חול and Rav Sheishess says בבגדי קדש. Rav Nachman maintains that they are dressed in בגדי חול, for if they were dressed in בגדי קדש, איכא בעלי זרועות דחמסי ועבדי – There would be strong-armed men who would do the service by force, which Rashi explains that they would have done so if they had not won the lot. Rav Sheishess says that they are dressed in בגדי קדש, for if you say that they were dressed in בגדי חול, אגב חביבותיה מיקרו ועבדי – out of passion for the avodah the selected Kohen might accidently perform it without first changing into בגדי קדש. A Kohen who does the avodah without wearing בגדי קדש is chayav מיתה בידי שמים and disqualifies the avodah.
