Siman - Shekalim Daf 22
- המקדיש שקלים וביכורים בזמן הזה
The last Mishnah of the Masechta states, השקלים והבכורים אינן נוהגין אלא בפני הבית – The mitzvos of shekalim and bikkurim apply only when the Beis Hamikdash exists, אבל מעשר דגן ומעשר בהמה ובכורות נוהגין בין בפני הבית ובין שלא בפני הבית – but the grain tithe, the animal tithe and the bechor offerings apply when the Beis Hamikdash exists and when it does not. The Tiklin Chaditin explains that after the churban of the Beis Hamikdash, the Land did not lose its kedushah. Therefore, all mitzvos that are dependent upon the kedushah of Eretz Yisroel, including terumos and maasros, remain in effect. The Rosh explains that the law of bechor offerings continue to apply since a bechor is automatically sanctified from birth. The Mishnah concludes, המקדיש שקלים וביכורים הרי זה קודש – If one was makdish shekalim or bikkurim, they are kodesh. Rebbe Shimon says that the bikkurim do not become kodesh.
- Mussaf of Shabbos takes precedence over mussaf of Rosh Chodesh
The Gemara asks that if the Shabbos mussaf offerings and the Rosh Chodesh mussaf offerings are brought on the same day, which takes precedence? Rebbe Yirmiyah said that the Rosh Chodesh mussaf offerings take precedence, and his proof is from the halachah that if the Leviim have to sing both the Shir of Shabbos and the Shir of Rosh Chodesh, the Shir of Rosh Chodesh takes precedence. Rebbe Yosa refuted this proof, for Rebbe Chiya said in the name of Rebbe Yochanan that the Shir of Rosh Chodesh takes precedence כדי לפרסמו ולהודיע שהוא ראש חודש – in order to publicize and make it known that the day is Rosh Chodesh. The Tiklin Chaditin brings Rebbe Yochanan’s explanation from Sukkah, that when the Shir of Rosh Chodesh is given prominence, everyone realizes that it was clear to Beis Din that Rosh Chodesh had been established properly, and no one will have any doubts about the matter. Rather, the mussaf of Shabbos takes precedence over the mussaf of Rosh Chodesh because of the rule כל התדיר מחבירו קודם את חבירו – Any mitzvah that is more frequent, takes precedence over the other. Therefore, one shechts the Shabbos mussaf offerings and recites the Shir of Rosh Chodesh over them.
- Difference between shekalim and a ger designating kinim money according to Rebbe Shimon
After the Gemara clarifies that Rebbe Shimon holds that shekalim that one consecrated nowadays are not kodesh, Rebbe Yuda Antudarya asked before Rebbe Yosa, why Rebbe Shimon holds that money designated by a ger nowadays for his kinim are kodesh, whereas monies designated for a shekel nowadays are not kodesh? Rebbe Yosa answered that in the case of shekalim, one may not designate them in the first place לפי שמצוה להקריב מתרומה חדשה – because it is a mitzvah to bring offerings from the new collection of shekalim, and this shekel will then be “old.” Therefore, the Rabbanon ruled that it does not become hekdesh to begin with. But in the case of money designated by a ger for his kinim אינו צריך חדשה – “new” money is not needed, ואם הקדיש קדוש – and so if he designated money for his kinim, it becomes kadosh.
