Siman - Shekalim Daf 20
- בשר שנתעלם מן העין
The Gemara relates that Rav went down to Bavel, חמתון מקילין וחמר עליהן – and he saw them acting leniently so he ruled stringently for them. In one of the incidents brought, a certain person was walking in the street carrying meat, when a vulture came and snatched it from him and then cast it down in another place. The person went back to that other place to retrieve his meat and wanted to take it. Rav said to him "It is forbidden for you to eat that piece, for I say that perhaps the vulture had been carrying the meat of a neveilah and cast it down, and it took that piece that was yours with it". Rav’s ruling is based on the prohibition of בשר שנתעלם מן העין – meat that was hidden from the eye, on account of the concern that perhaps the meat was exchanged with a similar piece of nonkosher meat.
- בהמה שנמצאת מירושלם עד מגדל עדר
The next Mishnah states, בהמה שנמצאת מירושלם ועד מגדל עדר – If an animal was found betweeYerushalayim n Yerushalayim and Migdal Eder, which is an area near Beis Lechem, or at that distance from in any direction, זכרים עולות – males are to be treated as olos, נקבות זבחי שלמים – females are to be treated as shelamim offerings. Rebbe Yehudah says, הראוי לפסחים לפסחים קודם לרגל שלשים יום – That which is fit for a pesach is to be used for a pesach, if it is found thirty days, or less, before the regel. The Korbon HaEidah explains that if the animal was a male sheep or goat, within its first year, it is assumed to have been consecrated as a pesach since the public study of hilchos Pesach begins thirty days before the chag. The Tanna Kamma, however, holds that people are especially careful with their pesach offerings, so there is no concern that this lost animal might be one .
- The baking process for the minchas chavitin
The Gemara discusses the minchas chavitin, a special minchah that is brought by a Kohen the first time he performs the avodah, and brought daily by the Kohen Gadol. The passuk states regarding its preparation, על מחבת בשמן תעשה – On a griddle with oil it shall be made, מרבכת תביאנה – scalded shall you bring it, תפיני – baked, מנחת פתים תקריב ריח ניחח לה' – a minchah offering broken into pieces, you shall offer as a satisfying aroma to Hashem.
The Gemara brings a machlokes about when the dough is baked. The Tanna Kamma says, "תפיני" תאפנה נא – The word tufinei means they shall be baked after they are partially cooked. The partial cooking is the frying of the dough. Rebbe says, תאפינה נאה – they shall be baked while still attractive. The Tiklin Chaditin explains that it should be baked before frying since frying blackens them and make them less attractive. Rebbe Dossa says, תאפנה ריבה – They shall be baked a lot. The Tiklin Chaditin explains that Rebbe Dossa holds the requirements of both Tannaim and that they are baked twice. Once, before frying, while the dough is still attractive, and then baked again after being fried, when partially cooked.
