Siman - Eruvin Daf 85
- A water pit between two chatzeiros
Rav Yehudah said in the name of Shmuel, בור שבין שתי חצירות מופלגת מכותל זה ארבעה ומכותל זה ארבעה – Regarding a water pit between two chatzeiros, if the edge of the pit is four tefachim away from each wall, זה מוציא זיז כל שהוא וממלא וזה מוציא זיז כל שהוא וממלא – each chatzeir can put out a slat of any size from its wall and then fill their pails with water. Rav Yehuda himself, however, holds that, אפילו קניא, even something less noticeable than a slat, like a reed can be used. Rashi explains that since the pit is in a path that is separated from both chatzeiros by a wall, giving them no direct access to it, it does not require an eruv. Putting out a slat or reed to permit drawing water from it on Shabbos is to serve as a reminder that access to a jointly owned area is usually only permitted with an eruv.
Abaye said to Rav Yosef that Rav would not require any reminder, for Rav said, אין אדם אוסר על חבירו דרך אויר – A person cannot restrict his fellow in an area only used by him by way of air. In this case, the residents do not have access to the pit by foot but must draw the water by way of throwing.
- Placing an eruv in gatehouse, portico or gallery
The next Mishnah states, הנותן את עירובו בבית שער אכסדרא ומרפסת אינו עירוב – If one places his eruv in a gatehouse, a portico, or a gallery, it is not a valid eruv, והדר שם אינו אוסר עליו – and one who lives in one of these does not restrict the other residents in the chatzeir from carrying. An eruvei chatzeiros must be deposited in one of the dwellings of the chatzeir, symbolizing the designation of that house as the common dwelling of all residents in the chatzeir. The Meiri explains that the portico and gallery are not considered dwellings because they have no walls, and that the gatehouse is not considered a dwelling since residents of the chatzeir are constantly passing through it. Rashi explains that someone living in any of the above places does not restrict use of the chatzeir, and does not need to contribute to the eruv.
- A group of neighbors eating a meal as Shabbos began
Rav Yehudah said in the name of Shmuel, בני חבורה שהיו מסובין – A group of neighbors who were eating a meal before Shabbos began, which Rashi clarifies to mean all of the neighbors of a chatzeir or mavoi, וקדש עליהן היום – and Shabbos came while they were sitting there, without having joined in an eruv or shituf, פת שעל השלחן סומכין עליהן משום עירוב – they may rely on the bread that is on the table for an eruv, ואמרי לה משום שיתוף – and others say that they may rely on it for a shituf. Tosafos on Daf 73b explains that since the host served them bread to eat, it is as though it is theirs and it is therefore valid as a contribution to the eruv.
Rabbah said that there is no dispute between these two rulings. One was referring to when they were eating in the house and the other one was referring to where they were eating in the chatzeir.
