Siman - Eruvin Daf 30
- Five grains satisfy hunger and provide sustenance
The Gemara inferred from the Mishnah’s statement, הנודר מן המזון מותר במים ובמלח - One who vowed to abstain from sustenance is permitted to drink water and have salt, that specifically only water and salt are not called sustenance, but all other foods are called sustenance. This seems to refute the opinions of Rav and Shmuel who both said: אין מברכין "בורא מיני מזונות" אלא על חמשת המינין בלבד – We may only make the beracha , “Who creates types of sustenance” on the five types of grains.
Rav Huna said that there is no refutation because the Mishnah is referring to someone who vowed and said, "כל הזן עלי" – Anything that satisfies is prohibited to me. Water and salt do not satisfy, but all other foods do satisfy. Rashi explains that the term מזון , on the other hand, implies something that sustain the heart and satisfy hunger, which is something only the five grains do. This distinction is evident in an incident with Rebbe Yochanan who ate large amounts of the very sweet פירות גינוסר and although he felt satisfied he expressed that he was not sustained.
- Two versions of what Bei Shamma’s holds regarding an eruv
The Gemara brings two versions of what Beis Shammai holds regarding an eruv. It was taught in a Baraisa that Beis Shammai holds, אין מערבין לנזיר ביין ולישראל בתרומה – We may not make an eruv for a Nazir with wine, or for a Yisroel with terumah. When Beis Hillel challenged Beis Shammai, that just as Beis Shammai agree that one may make an eruv for an adult erev Yom Kippur even though the adult cannot eat the food on Yom Kippur, since the food may be eaten by children, so too should one be allowed to make an eruv for a Nazir with wine, or for a Yisroel with terumah. Beis Shammai responded that in the case of Yom Kippur, the eruv is a meal that was suitable for this person to eat while it is still day, whereas in the case of the Nazir, the eruv of wine was not suitable to him erev Shabbos.
According to Chananyah, Beis Shammai would only consider an eruv valid, עד שיוציא מטתו וכל כלי תשמישו לשם – if one took out his bed and all of his utensils which he will need for Shabbos, to the place of the eruv.
- Four instances where there is no standard measure
The Gemara seeks to determine whose opinion a Mishnah follows that states, יש שאמרו הכל לפי מה שהוא אדם – There are instances where they said that the measurement is determined according to each individual, and no uniform measure was established. מלא קומצו מנחה, - the kemitzah from a Mincha, מלא חפניו קטרת – the handful of ketores (on Yom Hakippurim), השותה מלא לוגמיו ביום הכפורים – one who drinks a mouthful on Yom Kippur, ובמזון שתי סעודות לעירוב – and food for two meals for an eruv.
Rebbe Zeira said it is Sumchos, who said, מאי דחזי ליה בעינן – It must be fit for the individual involved.
