Siman - Eruvin Daf 11
- A chatzeir with many entrance ways and windows
Rav emended our Mishnah to read that a mavoi entrance that is wider than ten amos and has a tzuras hapesach must be decreased.
Rav Yosef deduced from this that Rav would hold that, חצר שרובה פתחים וחלונות אינה ניתרת בצורת הפתח – in a chatzeir enclosed by walls consisting mostly of entranceways and windows, carrying is not permitted by means of a tzuras hapesach that frames each of the openings, since פרוץ מרובה על העומד – the total gaps are more than the total walls.
The Gemara rejects this because an opening of ten amos is considered a greater breach than openings that collectively exceed the wall segments, from the fact that in the case of pasei birayos - boards enclosing wells, we permit them when פרוץ מרובה על העומד, but we do not permit them when the space between the boards exceeds ten amos, according to Rebbe Meir. Therefore, according to Rav, a tzuras hapesach may help with a chatzeir with many openings even though it does not help with a mavoi entrance wider than ten amos.
- Laws of a tzuras hapesach
The Gemara cites several rules regarding a tzuras hapesach:
Rav Chisda said, לא עשה ולא כלום צורת הפתח שעשאה מן הצד – a tzuras hapesach that was made extending from the middle of the poles, accomplishes nothing. He also said that a tzuras hapesach must be strong enough to support a door, even if the door is only made from straw.
Reish Lakish said in the name of Rebbe Yannai, צורת הפתח צריכה היכר ציר – a tzuras hapesach requires an indication of a hinge, which Rav Avya defines as a pivot hole. An actual door though is not required.
A Baraisa taught that a tzuras hapesach consists of, קנה מכאן וקנה מכאן וקנה על גביהן – a pole on either side of the opening and a pole on top. It is a machlokes Amoraim whether the crossbar needs to touch the sideposts. Rav Nachman said it does not and Rav Sheishess says that it does.
- Machlokes regarding a מבוי סתום
The next Mishnah in the perek introduces a machlokes regarding a mavoi sasum:
Beis Shammai holds that it requires a lechi and a korah, Beis Hillel holds that it requires either a lechi or a korah and Rebbe Eliezer holds that it requires two lechis.
The Gemara suggests that Beis Shammai holds that four mechitzos are required mid’Oraysa to enclose a reshus hayachid, but concludes that Beis Shammai may only require three mechitzos to be chayav for transferring to a reshus harabim, but d’Rabbonon a fourth mechitzah was required to permit carrying within the reshus, which can only be fulfilled through both a lechi and a korah.
