Siman - Shabbos Daf 143
- Removing bones and husks
The last Mishnah in the perek states that Beis Shammai says מעבירין מעל השלחן עצמות וקליפין - we may remove bones and husks from the table by hand, whereas Beis Hillel saysמסלק את הטבלה כולה ומנערה – one must take up the entire table board and shake it clean, but not handle the bones and husks by hand. Rashi explains that the bones and husks are not fit to be eaten by animals.
Beis Shammai holds like Rebbe Shimon that does not apply muktzeh laws broadly and therefore the bones and husks can be moved. Beis Hillel holds that they are muktzeh and therefore only permit moving the non-muktzeh table.
Rav Nachman in the Gemara states that this Mishnah should not be relied upon and in fact the opinions should be reversed, with Beis Shammai ruling more stringently like Rebbe Yehuda and Beis Hillel more leniently like Rebbe Shimon.
- Prohibited to use a sponge without a handle
The Gemara notes a contradiction in the Mishnah. The Mishnah states that one may remove שער של אפונין ושער עדשים - pea pods and lentil pods, מפני שהוא מאכל בהמה - because they are fit to be used as animal fodder. This ruling goes according to Rebbe Shimon who does not apply mutkzeh laws broadly, and not like Rebbe Yehudah who holds that food designated for humans (as these foods were when Shabbos begun) that becomes animal food (after the edible part was eaten on Shabbos) is prohibited due to nolad.
However, the next statement in the Mishnah says that one may use a sponge with a handle, but if there is no handle it may not be used, as water will be squeezed out of it when using it. This would seem to be going according to Rebbe Yehudah who holds דבר שאינו מתכוין אסור – doing a melocho act unintentionally is forbidden, as here he would be inadvertently squeezing out water.
The Gemara answers that even Rebbe Shimon would concede that using a sponge without a handle is prohibited, for Abaye and Rava both teach that Rebbe Shimon agrees that an act is forbidden בפסיק
רישיה ולא ימות - in a case when the consequence is inevitable.
- Liquids squeezed and oozing from fruits
The opening Mishnah in the twenty-second perek introduces a machlokes about squeezing fruits to extract the liquid from them. Rashi explains that the melocho of squeezing fruits is mefarek- extracting, which is toldah of dash - threshing.
•The Tanna Kamma holds that one may not squeeze the fruits to extract the liquid from them, and even liquid that oozes out on its own, is prohibited mid’Rabbonon . Rashi says that the reason that it is prohibited is that one may come to do it l’chatchilah.
•Rebbe Yehudah says that liquid that oozes out of fruit that was stored for eating, is permitted. Rashi explains that since he is not pleased that the liquid is oozing out, there is no reason to decree that it is prohibited to drink, since he is unlikely to come to take a fruit which was stored for eating, and intentionally squeeze out its juice.
