Siman - Shabbos Daf 131
- How we know מכשירי מצוה דוחין את השבת does not apply to all mitzvos
Rebbe Chiya bar Abba said in the name of Rebbe Yochanan that Rebbe Eliezer did not hold מכשירי מצוה דוחין את השבת, that the preliminaries of a mitzvah override Shabbos restrictions, in regards to all mitzvos. It is evident from the fact that he learns that the מכשירי שתי הלחם - the preliminaries to the mitzvah of offering two loaves on Shavuos, override Shabbos restrictions, from a gezeirah shaveh from bringing the Omer, where the מכשירי מצוה of reaping, grinding and sifting the barley are דוחין את השבת.
Rashi explains that if Rebbe Eliezer held that מכשירי מצוה דוחין את השבת in regards to all mitzvos, why would he need to learn that the שתי הלחם overrides Shabbos restrictions from a gezeirah shaveh? We see from here that he does not apply his leniency universally.
- מכשירי מצוה דוחין את השבת does not apply to tzitzis and mezuzah
The Gemara seeks to find the mitzvos that Rebbe Yochanan came to exclude when he said that Rebbe Eliezer does not permit מכשירי מצוה for all mitzvos. After determining that Rebbe Eliezer does hold מכשירי מצוה דוחין את השבת applies to the mitzvos of lulav, sukkah, matzah and shofar, the Gemara concludes that the two mitzvos that are excluded are tzitzis and mezuzah.
Rav Nachman said in the name of Rebbe Yitzchok, (and some say he said it in the name of Rav Huna the son of Rav Yehoshua) that tying tzitzis and writing a mezuzah are not permitted on Shabbos, הואיל בידו להפקירן - since one can renounce ownership of his garment and house, in which case the mitzvos connected to them are no longer incumbent on him. Since such a potential exists, the Torah does not permit any chillul Shabbos for their performance.
- Four mitzvos that cannot be learned out one from the other
The Gemara determines that the four mitzvos of lulav, sukkah, matzah and shofar all have a unique feature which precludes the possibility of learning out from one another that מכשירי מצוה דוחין את השבת.
• Lulav includes three other minim.
• Sukkah is fulfilled both in the day and at night.
• Matzah is a mitzvah that applies to women as well.
• The blowing of the shofar on Rosh Hashana, מכנסת זכרונות של ישראל לאביהן שבשמים – brings Yisroel’s remembrances to their Father in Heaven. And the shofar blown on Yom Kippur of Yovel causes the release of Jewish slaves to their homes and the ancestral fields revert to their original owners.
