Siman - Shabbos Daf 96

• זריקה והושטה

In the opening Mishnah of the tenth perek which discusses cases of transferring by throwing (זריקה) or handing over (הושטה), it is taught that if one hands over or throws an object from one balcony in a reshus hayachid to another balcony in a reshus hayachid on the other side of reshus harabim, he is exempt, whereas if the two balconies were on the same side of the reshus harabim, he would be exempt for throwing the item but liable for handing it over.

The Mishnah explains that the melachah of hotza’ah is fashioned after the avodas haLeviim (the work of the Leviim) who transferred the Mishkan’s beams onto wagons in reshus harabim. Since the melacha was done specifically through handing over, one is not liable for throwing, and since the transfer was done along the length of reshus harabim, one is not liable for handing an object across a reshus harabim.

• The source for הוצאה

The Gemara seeks the source for the melachah of hotza’ah, and quotes Rebbe Yochanan who says it is learned from the passuk in the parsha of the collection of the donations for the Mishkan, ויצו משה ויעבירו קול במחנה – And Moshe commanded, and they sounded the proclamation in the camp. Moshe was standing in the machane Leviyah, which was considered a reshus harabim, and was telling bnei Yisroel not to take out and bring materials from their reshus hayachid into the reshus harabim.

Rebbe Yochanan learns that that day was a Shabbos from a gezeirah shavah. It says here, ויעבירו קול במחנה – and they sounded a proclamation in the camp, and it says regarding Yom Kippur of Yovel, והעברת שופר תרועה – And you shall “sound” a broken blast on the shofar. Just as Yom Kippur is a day of prohibition, so too here in this passuk it is a day of prohibition, meaning Shabbos.

מקושש עצים

The Gemara brings various opinions regarding which melacha the מקושש  עצים, the gatherer of wood, transgressed that made him liable in the midbar for transgressing Shabbos. 

• Rav Yehudah said in the name of Shmuel he was a מעביר, a transferor of wood four amos in a reshus harabim.

• A Tanna in a Baraisa taught he was a תולש, a detacher of wood that was still growing.

• Rav Acha the son of Rebbe Yaakov said that he was a מעמר, a gatherer of detached and scattered wood.

The Gemara identifies him as Tzelophchad, the father of five daughters, who inherited him in the midbar.