947. An Inner and an Outer Courtyard

Eiruvin 4:18

If a well in a courtyard is filled with untithed produce, which may not be handled on Shabbos, or with any comparable kind of substance, both the well and its enclosure are the same as a rock or a mound in a courtyard. Therefore, if it is ten handbreadths high (about 30”) and near the porch, it is considered part of the porch. However, if the well is full of water, then neither the residents of the courtyard nor those of the porch may transport water from the well to their homes unless they make an eiruv.

Eiruvin 4:19

Let’s say that there are two courtyards, one behind the other, and the residents of the inner courtyard come and go by way of the outer courtyard. If the residents of the inner courtyard make an eiruv and those of the outer courtyard do not, the inner residents may carry in their courtyard but the outer residents may not. If the residents of the outer courtyard make an eiruv and those of the inner courtyard do not, neither may carry. This is because the inner courtyard did not make an eiruv; the residents of the outer courtyard are impeded by the inner residents who have rights to pass through their domain and who did not make an eiruv. If the residents of both courtyards each make their own eiruv, each may carry in their own courtyard but they may not carry from one to the other.