Resources for Rosh Hashana daf 10

Daf A Week

Rabbi Yitzchok Gutterman

  1. The גמרא says although you planted your tree well before ראש השנה, when the third year is up you must wait for ט"ו בשבט in order to eat the fruit. רש"י explains the reason is that by time the third year comes around, the tree is now a real tree and now has ט"ו בשבט as its ראש השנה. See the רמב"ם in הלכות נטע רבעי, פּרק ט הל' ט-י"א who says that we only require you to wait for ט"ו בשבט if you used the קולא of not waiting a full year because you only planted the tree 45 days before ראש השנה.  If you waited a full three years, you don’t need to wait until ט"ו בשבט to eat the fruit.  See the פּני יהושע here who understands that רש"י agrees with the רמב"ם based on רש"י in ד"ה ופּירות who seems to indicate that our ברייתא is talking about a case where you did not wait a full three years. This is also the opinion of the ש"ך יו"ד סימן רצ"ד ס"ק י. See the  ר"ןand ריטב"א here who disagree with the רמב"ם and hold that one must wait to eat the fruit until ט"ו בשבט in all cases.
  2. The גמרא quotes a מחלוקת תנאים about the time it takes for a tree to take root. רבי יהודה says that the maximum it could possibly take for a tree to take root is three days. In explaining רבי אליעזר who holds it takes 30 days, רש"י in ד"ה דתנן says that the minimum is thirty days. See the רמב"ם in הלכות נטע רבעי, פּרק ט' הל' ח' who paskens that it takes two weeks for a tree to take root but uses the words ” סתם קליטה”, which seem to indicate that the time a tree takes to take root can vary, but that typically it is two weeks. See theחתם סופר יו"ד רפּ"ד who says it cannot be that all these תנאים argue about a מציאות. Rather, everyone agrees that the tree usually takes root in three days; they only disagree as to what is the maximum time it takes to take root. See the שפת אמת here who says that this שאלה should result in a very big נפקא מינא in a case of a ספק. If we say that a tree might have taken root in less than two weeks, for example, then in חו"ל where ספק ערלה לקולא, we should be able to allow fruit from a tree that was only in the ground for some of the required time since it might have taken root. See the חזון איש in  שביעית י"ז כ"ח who says that all the תנאים really agree that it takes only three days for a tree to take root. However, it is only the תחילת הקליטה that begins after three days, and the full קליטה takes more time. The מחלוקת is how much קליטה is required for it to be considered having taken root.
  3. See theמשנה למלך הלכות אישות פּרק ב הל' כ"א who understands  תוספות ד"ה בן on our דף to be saying that in order for someone to become בר מצוה, he needs to wait thirteen years  מעת לעת from the time he was born. In other words, if he was born on שבת at 3pm, he could not lain from the תורה on the שבת of his  בר מצוה at  שחרית.  This is also the opinion of the שאילתות in פּרשת בחוקותי. However, see the ש"ך חו"מ סימן ל"ה ס"ק א who disagrees with the משנה למלך‘s understanding of תוספות  and rather understands it to just mean that by a בר מצוה boy, we don’t say מקצת היום ככולו. Rather you need the full last day of the 12th See also the משנה ברורה סימן נ"ג ס"ק ל"ג who brings the מג"א who concurs with the ש"ך.
  4. The שולחן ערוך in יו"ד, סימן רצ"ד סעיף ד says that the tree needs to be planted before the 16th of  אב in order for those months to count as a full year. It is clear that we do not say מקצת היום ככולו (even though we do say it in ר"מ's שיטה who says יום ל' עולה לו לכאן ולכאן).  See the נודע ביהודה תנינא או"ח סימן פּ"ד who says that we only say מקצת היום ככולו when the שיעור is in days (e.g. a זבה waits  seven days). However, when the שיעור is in any other format, like by trees where it is in weeks, we do not say מקצת היום ככולו.

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