Resources for Beitzah daf 29

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מראה מקומות

Rabbi Yitzchok Gutterman

  1. The גמרא discusses at great length the איסור of מדידה on יו"ט. The first question is on what is the איסור based? See ד"ה ואתא רבי יהודה רש"יwho says that the issue is מיחזי...כמודד ומוכר כעובדין דחול. See the רמב"ם הלכות שבת פּרק כ"ג הל' י"ב-י"ג who says the issue is directly related to מקח וממכר which is גזירה שמא יכתוב and not עובדין דחול. See the משנה ברורה סימן ת"ק ס"ק ח' who only quotes the reason of עובדין דחול. See the שמירת שבת כהלכתה פּרק מ' אות ג' (in the footnotes) who quotes Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach saying that based on this, one would be allowed to take someone’s pulse, temperature, and blood pressure since that sort of measuring is never considered  עובדין דחול. See there also in פּרק י"ב אות נ"ג in the footnote where he says that עובדין דחול is not אסור when done in a manner that you don’t intend even if it is a פּסיק רישא. Therefore, one could turn on the water in one’s home even though the amount of water used will be measured.
  1. The second issue of מדידה is whether the הלכות on our דף are equally applicable to שבת and יו"ט. See the רמב"ם הלכות שבת פּרק כ"ג כל י"ג who says that one cannot use a כלי which is מיוחד למדה, whereas in הלכות יו"ט פּרק ד הל' כ"א he says that you can use a כלי on יו"ט that is מיוחד למדה. However, see the בית יוסף סימן שכ"ג who brings the מהר"י אבוהב as well as his own פּשט to explain that even according to the רמב"ם, the הלכות of שבת and יו"ט are really the same. Both the בית יוסף and מהר"י אבוהב make אוקימתות in the רמב"ם to make it that there is no חילוק.
  1. The גמרא says that a baker can measure spices in order to not ruin his dish. The question is as follows: Is the גמרא limited to a baker or was it just giving a typical example (דיבר בהווה)? See the טור או"ח סימן תק"ד who is משמע that it is specifically referring to a baker. See the מאירי who says this as well. He explains that for a person at home who cooks a small amount, there was no reason to be lenient. They can estimate the correct amount of spices without measuring. See the רשב"א בעבודת הקודש, בית מועד שור שני ס"ד who says that חז"ל were lenient because it is a הפסד מרובה for a baker. However, he quotes other גאונים who say the גמרא is לאו דוקא and applies to everyone. See the מגיד משנה הלכות יו"ט פּרק ד' הל' כ"א who says this explicitly. This is also the psak of the שולחן ערוך. See the משנה ברורה תק"ד ס"ק כ"ב who qualifies that this only applies if you always measure for this dish.
  1. The גמרא mentions that אבא שאול gathered 300 גרבי of wine from בירורי המדות. There is an important רשב"ם on פּסחים קי"ט who says that whenever the גמרא use the number 300, it is always לאו דוקא. An example is when the גמרא said the פּרוכת in the בית המקדש was so big that it took 300 כוהנים to be טובל
  1. The Mishna says that you can go to a shopkeeper on יו"ט and buy a specific number of eggs or nuts. There is a מחלוקת ראשונים as to whether this היתר applies to a non-Jewish merchant as well. The בה"ג (brought by the רא"ש סימן י"ז) says that you can only buy from a Jew since the גוי may have trapped the animal, or did some other מלאכה on יו"ט. Most ראשונים disagree with this and allow one to buy from a non-Jew on יו"ט as long as it’s not something that is normally מחובר. However, see the ר"ן who isn’t sure it should be allowed since the only reason to allow one to buy from a גוי is that רוב animals were trapped yesterday, and רוב eggs were born yesterday, etc. However, יו"ט is aדבר שיש לו מתירין and the מיעוט isn’t בטל in a דבר שיש לו מתירין. He concludes that this case may be different since it isn’t איתחזק איסורא.

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