312. Davening for Another Person

Tefillah u’Birkas Kohanim 8:8

Continuing the idea of a small courtyard that opens entirely into a large one: if there was excrement in the larger one, it is prohibited to recite Shema or Shemoneh Esrei even in the small one. If there was excrement in the small one, it is permitted to recite Shema and Shemoneh Esrei in the large one so long as there is not a foul odor. This is because the large courtyard is considered separate.

Tefillah u’Birkas Kohanim 8:9

The prayer leader can fulfill the obligation of prayer for the congregation as follows: when he davens, they must listen and respond Amen after each bracha. When one does this, it is considered as if he himself had davened. This is the case when one does not know how to daven; one who does know how only fulfills his obligation by doing so himself.