Tohoros 6:2-3

Tohoros 6:2

There are four cases of doubt that Rabbi Yehoshua ruled unclean and the Sages ruled clean. (1) If a ritually-unclean person was standing and a ritually-clean person passed by, or if the ritually-clean person was standing and the ritually-unclean person passed by; (2) if a ritually-unclean object was in a private domain and a ritually-clean object was in the public domain, or the clean item was in the private domain and the unclean item was in the public domain, and there’s a doubt as to whether or not there was contact, (3) overshadowing or (4) moving, In all of these cases, Rabbi Yehoshua rules that the clean person or object is rendered unclean but the Sages rule that they remain clean.

Tohoros 6:3

Let’s say that a tree in the public domain had a ritually-unclean item in it. A person climbed to the top of the tree and a doubt arose as to whether or not he touched the impurity. In such a case of doubt, the person remains unclean. If a person stuck his hand into a hole that contained an unclean item and there’s a doubt as to whether or not he touched it, such a doubt is ruled unclean. If a ritually-unclean shop opens to the public domain and a doubt arises as to whether or not a person entered the shop, such a doubt remains clean. If there’s a doubt as to whether or not he touched something (in the shop, from the public domain), such a doubt remains clean. Let’s say there were two shops – one unclean and the other clean. If a person entered one of the shops and there’s a doubt as to which one, such a doubt is ruled unclean.