Resources and Review Test for Nedarim 69
The גמרא says that you can be שואל on your הקמה but not on הפרה. The ר"ן says that being שואל on הקמה in only relevant if done within the day the נדר was made, but if he was only שואל days later, then even if we remove the הקמה retroactively the נדר would be חל anyway since he was quite for 24 hours. The טור in סימן רל"ד disagrees and says that since the person didn’t have the ability to be מפיר since was already מקיים the נדר, it has the same דין of a father who never knew that he could be מפיר a נדר where we say that he can be מפיר the נדר evens years later if that’s when he finds out he has the right to be מפיר. He clarifies that he would only have 24 hours from the time he was שואל on the הקמה. The מנחת שלמה has an interesting explanation in the שיטת הר"ן. He explains that the ר"ן holds that since the person knowingly was מפיר, its similar to someone who shot an arrow at his friend where even though the shooter may be מתחרט before it hits his target, we don’t call that an אונס. Similarly here, since the father knew he was being מקים the נדר, we don’t call it an אונס that he wasn’t able to be מפיר after that and he loses his זכות הפרה.
The גמרא says that if a person says he is מקיים the נדרand מפירthe נדר and is only מקיים if his הפרה is חל, the נדר is מופר. The קרן אורה asks the following question: there is a rule that a תנאי doesn’t work in a case where שליחות doesn’t work. Now you can’t be מקיים a נדר through a שליח. If so, you shouldn’t be able to make a תנאי on a היקם either, and if you can't make a תנאי the הקמה should have been חל! רבי עקיבא איגר ז"לasks a similar question based on the תוספות in נזיר דף י"א ע"אasks a similar question. The גמרא there says that if a person declares themselves to be a נזיר only on condition that they are allowed to drink wine, they become a נזיר and they can’t drink wine because they are considered a מתנה על מה שכתוב בתורה. תוספות asks that it sounds like had this not been a case of מתנה על מה שכתוב בתורה the תנאי would have worked. Why? You can't make yourself a נזיר through a שליח, so why should תנאי work? He answers that נזירות has a part that does have שליחות in that the נזיר can send his קרבנות via a שליח. רע"א asks that this is a good answer for נזירות but how do we explain how you can make a תנאי by נדרים (like our גמרא)? The רמב"ן addresses this general question in בבא בתרא דף קכ"ו ע"ב by saying that it works because אתי דיבור ומבטל דיבור. In the גר"ח על הש"ס in סימן ר"ג, רב חיים ז"ל says a big יסוד: נדרים and שבועות are different than everywhere else in ש"ס. By נדרים and שבועות there is a rule of האדם בשבועה which means a person has to have פּיו ולבו שוין for the נדר to be חל. Therefore, we don’t need to learn that there is a concept of תנאי from בני גד ובני ראובן and be limited by the משפּטי התנאים since there is a separate לימוד that tells us that if this person clearly didn’t mean something it is not going to be a valid נדר. However, this may only work by הקמה but not by הפרה.
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