Menachos - Daf 12
- עבודות of a minchah performed with intent of חוץ למקומו or חוץ לזמנו
The next Mishnah teaches that if one performs kemitzah with the intent to eat its שירים (or a כזית of its שירים), בחוץ – outside the עזרה, or to burn the קומץ (or a כזית of it), or the לבונה, בחוץ, the minchah is פסול, but does not obligate כרת for eating it. If he intended to eat שירים or burn קומץ or לבונה the next day, it is פיגול, and obligates כרת. The Mishna presents a rule: anyone who performs kemitzah, places the kometz in a כלי שרת, brings it, or burns it on the מזבח, intending לאכול דבר שדרכו לאכול – to eat something meant to be eaten, ולהקטיר דבר שדרכו להקטיר – or to burn something meant to be burned, חוץ למקומו – outside its prescribed place, it is פסול but does not obligate כרת, but if he intended to eat it or burn it חוץ לזמנו – beyond its time, it is פיגול and obligates kares, ובלבד שיקריב המתיר כמצותו – provided that the permitter is offered according to its requirements, i.e., that the kometz (which permits the minchah’s שירים to be eaten) was offered without additional disqualifying intent. The Mishnah illustrates numerous cases of this principle.
- If burning the kometz for שירים שחסרו can effect פיגול or remove מעילה
The Gemara asks, according to the opinion that שירים שחסרו – if the remnants became deficient between the kemitzah and הקטרה, one may still burn the kometz, about which we rule that the שירים may not be eaten, מהו דתיהני להו הקטרה למיקבעינהו בפיגול – what is the halachah whether burning [the kometz] will effectively establish piggul, ולפקינהו מידי מעילה – and remove them from being subject to me’ilah?
Rav Huna says that even though Rebbe Akiva said זריקה מועלת ליוצא – throwing the blood is effective to remove me’ilah from kodashim which left the עזרה before זריקה, that is only for the disqualification of יוצא, דאיתיה בעיניה – since [the korban] still exists, ופסול מחמת דבר אחר הוא – and its disqualification is external (i.e., the airspace of Yerushalayim), but regarding חסרון – deficiency, דפסולא דגופיה הוא- which is an intrinsic disqualification, the הקטרה would not remove me’ilah. Rava says the opposite: even though Rebbe Eliezer says זריקה does not remove me’ilah from יוצא, that is only for יוצא, דליתיה בפנים – which is not inside the עזרה, but חסרון, which is inside the עזרה, zerikah would remove it from me’ilah. Rava later retracts based on a Baraisa, but Abaye deflects his proof.
- אין אכילה והקטרה מצטרפין
The next Mishnah states: לאכול כחצי זית ולהקטיר כחצי זית – if one intended to eat a half-zayis (of שירים) and to burn a half-zayis (of kometz) the next day, כשר – [the minchah] is valid, שאין אכילה והקטרה מצטרפין – because intentions for eating and burning do not combine to a כזית. The Gemara infers that these intentions do not combine because they are about different acts, הא לאכול ולאכול דבר שאין דרכו לאכול מצטרף – but if he intends to eat [a חצי זית of שירים] and eat [a חצי זית of] something not normally eaten (i.e., the קומץ), it would combine to invalidate the minchah. But the previous Mishnah taught that intent to eat דבר שאין דרכו לאכול is not effective at all!? Rebbe Yirmiyah says this Mishnah is Rebbe Eliezer, who disagrees and holds מחשבין מאכילת אדם [לאכילת] מזבח – one can have intent about something meant for human consumption to be consumed by the mizbeiach, ומאכילת מזבח [לאכילת] אדם – and have intent about something meant for the mizbeiach’s consumption to be consumed by a person. Therefore, these two intentions can combine. Abaye explains the Mishnah differently.
