Temurah 2:1-2

Temurah 2:1

A private sacrifice has what’s not in a public sacrifice and a public sacrifice has what’s not in a private sacrifice. A private sacrifice can create temurah but a public sacrifice can’t; a private sacrifice can be male or female but a public sacrifice must only be male. Regarding a private sacrifice, one is responsible for both the offering itself and its libations (i.e., if the proper time passed, one must still bring them even late); for public sacrifices, they are not responsible for them or their libations (i.e., if a deadline is missed, they’re not brought late), though they must bring the libations even late if the sacrifice was offered. A public offering is brought on Shabbos and, if necessary, can be brought in a state of ritual impurity, while neither of these is true of a private sacrifice. Rabbi Meir pointed out that the Kohein Gadol’s flour offering and the bull he brings on Yom Kippur are private offerings but they can be brought on Shabbos or in a state of ritual impurity. This is because they must be brought at designated times.

Temurah 2:2

If a private sin offering got lost so the owner brought another, after which the original animal was found, it must be left to die; this is not the case with a public sin offering, though Rabbi Yehuda says that it should also be left to die. Rabbi Shimon said that just like the cases of the offspring of a sin offering, the temurah of a sin offering and a sin offering whose owners died all only apply to private sacrifices and not public ones, the same is true of a sin offering whose owners were atoned for from elsewhere and one whose year has expired. All these cases only apply to private, not public, sacrifices.