Resources for Kesubos 82

1. Further to what we discussed last week, there is a fascinating גרנ"ט in סימן מ"͏ד on this weeks דף that is relevant to the discussion as to when the חיוב כתובה actually kicks in. The גמרא at the end of the דף mentions that שמעון בן שטח made a תקנה that all of a person’s נכסים are אחראים to the כתובה. The גרנ"ט asks why did we need שמעון בן שטח to make a תקנה ? Why would כתובה be different from any other התחייבות? Why wouldn’t you be able to collect from משועבדים, especially if there is a שטר? He answers (as we said last week) that a person doesn’t owe the כתובה immediately upon writing it. He is only חייב it at the time of death or divorce. If so, she cant collect from משעובדים since nothing was owed till now. Because of this women were not willing to get married since there wasn’t always בני חורין to collect for the כתובה. Therefore, שמעון בן שטח made a תקנה that she could collect from משועבדים anyway.
2. The גמרא says that if you tell someone to make a קנין on something now with דעת to be קונה in 30 days then if you said "מעכשיו" you are קונה in 30 days no matter where the animal it is but if you don’t say "מעכשיו" then you would need to have the animal in your חצר at the time of קנין for it to work automatically. The ריטב"א explains that if you don’t say מעכשיו then the first קנין was just to show גמירת דעת but the actual קנין happens in 30 days. There is a big מחלוקת as to what the exact function of מעכשיו is. תוספות in ד"ה הא says that it helps you get out of the issue of כלתה קנינו since at the time of קנין the original משיכה you did is completely gone. The גמרא in בבא מציעא דף ט"ז says it also helps in a case where you sell land to someone with a שטר for it to become his when you buy it. In that case, if the שטר is lost beforehand the קנין would only work if you said מעכשיו. However, תוספות in בבא מציעא דף ט"ז  is משמע that you can still change your mind in between even if you said מעכשיו. However, theרשב"א ריטב"א, ורמב"ן in קידושין דף ס"ג disagree and say that you cannot change your mind if you said מעכשיו. The רמב"ן  says something even more surprising: he says that it does NOT help for the issue of כלתה קנינו. The קובץ שיעורים in אות רצ"ג brings תוספות and asks how can מעכשיו make the קנין valid even if the שטר gets ripped up--the person has no ability to be מקנה the land yet since he doesn’t own it yet! (This may of course be the פּשט in the רמב"ן who holds in fact it does not work). The קובץ שיעורים says he heard a פּשט which sounds very similar to the גרש"ש quoted by the חידושי רבי שמואל in בב"מ דף ט"ז אות רל"ד who says that when you say מעכשיו you are saying that mentally you are interested in being מקנה now, it’s just that you cant do it right now. That means you had full דעת for קנין, just no קנין can be חל. As such, once the time comes then the קנין you did last week works because there was nothing missing from your דעת קנין at the time. However, if you don’t say מעכשיו that means you don’t fully want it to be חל at the time so there would be an issue of כלתה קנינו later. 

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