Menachos 11:7-8

Menachos 11:7

There were two tables inside the Hall, at the Temple entrance: one of marble and one of gold. When the showbread was brought in, it was placed on the table of marble; when it was taken out, it was placed on the table of gold. This is because we elevate holy things and do not lower them. The Table (with a capital T) of gold was inside the Temple; this was where the showbread sat at all times. Four kohanim entered the Temple each week on Shabbos, two carrying the two rows of loaves in their hands and two carrying the two dishes of frankincense. Four other kohanim preceded them, two to remove the previous week’s loaves and two to remove the previous week’s frankincense. The kohanim who brought in the new loaves and frankincense stood on the north side of the Table facing south; those who removed the old loaves and frankincense stood on the south side of the Table facing north. The one group removed the old loaves from the Table and the other group placed the new loaves. This was done in such a way that as a handbreadth of the old was removed from the Table, a handbreadth of the new was placed on it as per Exodus 25:30 “before Me at all times.” Rabbi Yosi says that even if they completely removed the old before placing the new, it would count as “at all times.” The kohanim left the Sanctuary and put the old loaves on the golden table in the Hall, they burnt the dishes of frankincense, and distributed the former loaves to the kohanim. If Yom Kippur fell on Shabbos, the loaves were distributed in the evening (i.e., after the fast); if it fell on a Friday, the goat offered on Yom Kippur was eaten in the evening. (It couldn't be cooked on Yom Kippur, nor on Shabbos, so) the kohanim who came from Babylonia would eat it raw because their digestion could handle it.

Menachos 11:8

If the showbread was placed on Shabbos and the frankincense was placed after Shabbos, and the frankincense was burned on (the following) Shabbos, it is invalid (because the frankincense wasn't on the Table from one Shabbos to the next) and one would not be liable for piggul, nosar or ritual impurity because of it. If the showbread and frankincense were placed on Shabbos, and the frankincense was burned after (the following) Shabbos, it is invalid (because the frankincense was left overnight) and one would not be liable for piggul, nosar or ritual impurity because of it. If the showbread and frankincense were placed after Shabbos, and the frankincense was burned on (the following) Shabbos, it is invalid (because the bread and the frankincense were both placed late). In this case, the showbread should be left on the Table for following Shabbos; it doesn’t matter if the showbread remains on the table even many days until Shabbos arrives.