Kiddushin - Daf 36
- If Jews are called "בנים" of Hashem when they do not act like בנים
A Baraisa teaches about the passuk: בנים אתם לה' אלקיכם – You are sons to Hashem your G-d, that Rebbe Yehudah holds: בזמן שאתם נוהגים מנהג בנים אתם קרוים בנים – when you act in the manner of children, you are called “children” of Hashem, אין אתם נוהגים מנהג בנים אין אתם קרוים בנים – but if you do not act in the manner of children, you are not called His “children.” Rebbe Meir disagrees: בין כך ובין כך אתם קרוים בנים – Whether you act this way or that way, you are called His children. He quotes four pesukim to demonstrate this, and the Gemara explains their purpose. If only for the first passuk ("בנים סכלים המה" – they are foolish children), one could think they are only called “children” when they act foolishly, but not when they are disloyal. The second passuk ("בנים לא אמון בם" – children in whom there is no loyalty) teaches otherwise. Still, one could think that if they worship idols, they are not called “children,” so the third passuk ("זרע מרעים בנים משחיתים" – a seed of evildoers, destructive children) shows they are. Finally, one might think they are only called “destructive children,” but not proper children. The final passuk (והיה במקום אשר יאמר להם לא עמי אתם יאמר להם בני קל חי – It will be that instead of that which is was said to them, “You are not My people,” it will be said to them, “You are the children of the Living G-d”) demonstrates that with teshuvah, they can be called “children of the Living G-d.”
- Various steps of bringing korbanos which a woman does not perform
The next Mishnah lists the various steps of bringing korbanos which a woman does not perform: הסמיכות – Leaning on the head of a korban before it is shechted, והתנופות – waving certain korbanos, וההגשות – bringing [menachos] close to the mizbeiach before offering them, והקמיצות – kemitzah (removing three fingers-full of flour) of menachos, והקטרות – burning korbanos on the mizbeiach, והמליקות – melikah (the specialized shechitah procedure of bird-korbanos), והקבלות – receiving the blood, והזאות – sprinkling of blood, נוהגים באנשים ולא בנשים – all apply to men and not to women, חוץ ממנחת סוטה ונזירה שהן מניפות – except for the minchah of a sotah, or of a nezirah, which they do wave. The Gemara provides the source for each halachah. It explains that "הזאות" – sprinkling refers to sprinkling the blood of a bird-korban (specifically, a chatas). That a woman cannot sprinkle the blood is derived from a kal vachomer: if a sheep-korban, which can be shechted by a non-Kohen, still requires a male Kohen for its “sprinkling” (i.e., throwing its blood on the mizbeiach’s wall), then a bird-korban, which requires a Kohen for its melikah, certainly requires a male Kohen for its sprinkling!
- Source that the sotah waves her minchah
The Mishnah taught that a woman does wave the minchah of a sotah. Rebbe Elazar said to the Rebbe Yoshiyah of his generation: לא תיתב אכרעך עד דמפרשת לה להא מילתא – Do not sit down until you explain this matter to me. מנין למנחת סוטה שטעונה תנופה – From where do we derive that a minchas sotah requires waving? The Gemara explains he was asking for the source that the owner of the minchah (i.e., the woman) must wave it, in addition to the Kohen taught in the passuk. He answered that there is a gezeirah shavah (יד יד) linking sotah and shelamim (where it states that certain parts are waved by the owner), teaching that just as regarding sotah, a Kohen must wave it, he does by shelamim as well, and just as with shelamim, the owner waves it, the owner (i.e., the woman) does by sotah as well. Thus: כהן מכניס ידו תחת יד בעלים ומניף – The Kohen places his hand under the owner’s hand and waves with him.
