Sotah - Daf 30
- Taking challah from a tahor dough on a tamei dough
Rav lists five Tannaim who hold that a sheini cannot make a shelishi in chullin. Among them is Rebbe Eliezer, who explained in a Mishnah how to take challah from a tahor dough for a tamei dough without being metamei the tahor dough: נוטל כדי חלה מעיסה שלא הורמה חלתה – He takes a challah-amount from the [tahor] dough from which challah has not yet been removed (if it was, it would be ineligible to permit the tamei dough). ונותן פחות מכביצה באמצע כדי ליטול מן המוקף – He then puts less than an egg-volume [of tahor dough] in the middle, connecting the two, in order to take [challah] from “near” the dough becoming permitted, as required whenever taking challah. Because the center dough is smaller than a k’beitzah, it cannot be metamei the dough becoming challah. In a Baraisa, Rebbe Eliezer is quoted as allowing the center dough to be a k’beitzah, yet it will not be metamei the tahor dough, because the center dough is a sheini, which he holds does not make a shelishi in chullin (which is the tahor dough’s current status). Rebbe Eliezer of the Mishnah agrees with this point but requires less than k’beitzah for other reasons. The Chachomim do not allow this method, and the Gemara discusses their dispute.
- Machlokes how the שירה was recited by the Yam Suf
A Baraisa records a machlokes on the way Moshe and the nation recited the שירה by the Yam Suf. Rebbe Akiva says: כגדול המקרא את הלל – It was performed like an adult leading Hallel for a congregation,והן עונין אחריו ראשי פרקים – and they respond after him with the chapter headings (since their obligation is fulfilled by listening to his recitation). Accordingly, Moshe said: "אשירה לה'" – I will sing to Hashem, and the nation responded, "אשירה לה'". Moshe then said: "כי גאה גאה" – for he is exalted above the arrogant, and the nation again responded, "אשירה לה'", and so on. Rebbe Eliezer, son of Rebbe Yose Haglili, says: כקטן המקרא את הלל – It was performed like a minor leading Hallel for a congregation, והן עונין אחריו כל מה שהוא אומר – and they respond after him by repeating everything he says, since they cannot fulfill their obligation through hearing his recitation. He holds Moshe said, "אשירה לה'", and the nation repeated it, then Moshe said, "כי גאה גאה", and the nation repeated it, and so on. Rebbe Nechemyah says: כסופר הפורס על שמע בבית הכנסת – It was performed like a chazzan (lit., teacher) leading the berachos before Shema in the synagogue, שהוא פותח תחילה והן עונין אחריו – that he begins first and they respond after him with the opening phrase, and they recite the rest together. Here, too, Moshe began with "אשירה לה'", which the nation repeated, and they said the rest together through Ruach Hakodesh.
- Infants recited the שירה
Rebbe Yose Haglili darshened: עולל מוטל על ברכי אמו ותינוק יונק משדי אמו – Even an infant lying on its mother’s knees, and a suckling nursing at its mother’s breasts, כיון שראו את השכינה – when they saw the Shechinah at the Sea, עולל הגביה צוארו ותינוק שמט דד מפיו – the infant lifted its neck and the suckling removed the breast from its mouth, ואמרו "זה קלי ואנוהו" – and said, “This is my G-d and I will glorify Him.” Rebbe Meir added: מנין שאפי' עוברים שבמעי אמן אמרו שירה – From where do we know that even fetuses in their mother’s wombs recited the שירה? Because it says: במקהלות ברכו אלקים ה' ממקור ישראל – In congregations bless G-d, Hashem, from the “source” of Yisroel, which is interpreted as the womb, a person’s “source."
