Shabbos 11:2-3

Shabbos 11:2

If there were two balconies (which are private domains) on opposite sides of a public domain and a person passes something or throws something from one to the other, he is exempt. If these balconies were in a row of buildings that line the public domain, then one who passes something would be liable but one who throws it would be exempt. This distinction is based upon the labor of the Levites. There were two wagons that would travel one behind the other in the public domain; the Levites would pass boards from one wagon to the other but they would not throw them. If the rim of a well and a rock are ten handbreadths high and four handbreadths wide (about 30” x 12”), then it is a private domain and if a person moves something from on top of them to the public domain or vice versa, he is liable. If the dimensions are smaller than this, one would be exempt.

Shabbos 11:3

If a person throws something four cubits (about six feet) through the public domain and it sticks to a wall above ten handbreadths (about 30”), it is the same as one who throws something through the air. If it sticks below ten handbreadths, he is like one who throws something onto the ground. If one throws something four cubits onto the ground, he is liable. If he threw it less than four cubits and it rolled beyond four cubits, he is exempt. If he threw something more than four cubits and it rolled back within four cubits, he is liable.