Kesubos - Daf 72
- טוב ללכת אל בית אבל מלכת אל בית משתה
It was taught in a Baraisa: Rebbe Meir used to say: What is the meaning of that which is written in Koheles: "טוב ללכת אל בית אבל מלכת אל בית משתה" – It is better to go to a house of mourning than to a house of feasting, "באשר הוא סוף כל האדם והחי יתן אל לבו" – for that is the end of all man, and the living should take it to heart? What does it mean that “the living should take it to heart”? דברים של מיתה – They should take to heart matters of death. The Gemara explains this means that he should take to heart דספד יספדוניה – that one who eulogizes the dead now, will have others eulogize him when his time comes, דקבר יקברוניה – and one who buries the dead now, will have others bury him when his time comes, דלואי ילווניה – that one who escorts the dead to the cemetery, will have others escort him when his time comes, דטען יטעוניה – and one who carries the dead to be buried now, will have others carry him when his time comes.
- ואיזהו דת יהודית – יוצאה בראשה פרוע
The next Mishnah states: ואלו יוצאות שלא בכתובה – And these wives are divorced without a kesubah, העוברת על דת משה ויהודית – one who transgresses the law of Moshe and the rule of Jewish practice. And what is meant by דת יהודית? יוצאה בראשה פרוע - If she goes outside her home with her hair uncovered, she spins in the marketplace, or מדברת עם כל אדם – she speaks with every man. The Mishnah continues with additional opinions. The Gemara questions if covering one’s hair is only דת יהודית. Rather, it’s a d’Oraysa, for it is written regarding a sotah: "ופרע את ראש האשה" – he shall uncover the head of the woman, and it was taught in the Beis Midrash of Rebbe Yishmael, אזהרה לבנות ישראל שלא יצאו בפרוע ראש – This is a warning to the Jewish daughers that they should not go out with their head uncovered. The Gemara answers: דאורייתא קלתה שפיר דמי – that mid’Oraysa it is enough if she covers her hair with her head basket, which Rashi explains is a basket worn as a headdress which had a receptacle on top for her spindle and flax. דת יהודית אפילו קלתה נמי אסור – But according to דת יהודית it is prohibited to go out with a head basket. A head basket allows her hair to be seen through the spaces in the weave. דת יהודית requires a more effective head covering.
- המקדש את האשה על מנת שאין עליה נדרים ונמצאו עליה נדרים אינה מקודשת
The next Mishnah states: המקדש את האשה על מנת שאין עליה נדרים ונמצאו עליה נדרים אינה מקודשת – If a man is mekadesh a woman on condition that she is not under vows, and it is later found that she is under vows, she is not mekudeshes. It was taught in a Baraisa: The Mishnah was referring to the following types of nedarim: דברים של עינוי נפש – Matters of self-denial; that she will not eat meat, that she will not drink wine, or that she will not adorn herself with colored clothes. Rav Pappa asked why it should make a difference what type of neder she made, when the husband stipulated that she should not be under any vow. Rather, it must be referring to the seifa of the Mishnah, where the husband did not stipulate any condition but later discovered these vows. She loses her kesubah because most men would object to these nedarim of self-denial. Rav Ashi said that it does refer to the reisha where he stipulated that she had no vows. Even though he stipulated that she have no vows, the marriage is voided and the kesubah is forfeited only if she was under a vow that most men would object to. ומידי דקפדי בה אינשי הוה קפידיה קפידא – for only regarding something that people are generally makpid about is his hakpadah considered a kepeidah.
