Kesubos - Daf 50
- באושא התקינו המבזבז אל יבזבז יותר מחומש
Rebbe Il’a said: באושא התקינו המבזבז אל יבזבז יותר מחומש – In Usha, the Chochomim enacted that one who gives generously to tzedakah, should not give more generously than a fifth. Rashi explains that he should not give more than a fifth so that he should not come himself to need others. Rav Nachman, and some say it was Rav Acha bar Yaakov, said: What is the passuk that alludes to this halachah? The passuk states that Yaakov Avinu said: "וכל אשר תתן לי עשר אעשרנו לך" – and all that You will give me, tithe, and I shall tithe it to You. Rashi explains that the two mentions of tithes, implies one fifth. When the Gemara challenges this, since the last tithe is not the same amount as the first tithe, since the second tithe is only ten percent of the remaining ninety percent, Rav Ashi answers: "אעשרנו" – I shall tithe “it” implies, לבתרא כי קמא - that the last tithe should be like the first tithe.
- Teaching a child under the age of six
Rav Ketina said: כל המכניס את בנו פחות מבן שש רץ אחריו ואינו מגיעו – Anyone that brings his son to learn Torah at less than age six, can run after him but he will not reach him. Rashi explains that he can run after him to keep him healthy, but he will not reach him to prevent him from dying from becoming weak because he started to learn too early. There are those that said that teaching a young child is beneficial. חביריו רצין אחריו ואין מגיעין אותו – his peers will run after him to try to reach his level, but they will not reach him. The Gemara says that both versions are valid. חליש וגמיר – The child will be weak but learned. Or the teachings involve different circumstances. The first version was referring to a weak child, where starting to learn too early can be harmful to his health. The second version was referring to a child who is healthy. He should begin early so he will develop intellectually.
- כשם שאין הבנים יורשין אלא מן הקרקע כך אין הבנות ניזונות אלא מן הקרקע
Rav Yosef was sitting before Rav Hamnuna, and Rav Hamnuna sat and said: כשם שאין הבנים יורשין אלא מן הקרקע כך אין הבנות ניזונות אלא מן הקרקע – Just as the sons inherent only from the real property, referring to קרקע, so too the daughters are only sustained from real property. Everyone shouted at Rav Hamnuna and asked if it is really possible that he means that when one leaves land, that his sons inherit him, but if he does not have land, his sons do not inherit him. Rav Yosef said to Rav Hamnuna: דלמא כתובת בנין דכרין קאמר מר – Perhaps master was speaking of kesubas bnin d’chrin, the special kesubah stipulation of male children? This is referring to a stipulation in the kesubah that only sons born from this marriage have rights to the property promised by the husband in the kesubah, and not other sons born from a different woman. The property referred to here is land. Rashi explains that Rav Hamnuna is teaching that since the two tannaim in the kesubah related to the sons and the daughters relate to one another, just as the sons can only collect from the real property and not from movables, so too the daughters can only be sustained from real property and not from movables. Rav Hamnuna said to Rav Yosef, מר דגברא רבא הוא ידע מאי קאמינא – Master, who is a great man, knew what I was saying.
