1. The next melachah following tochen is losh. Losh means “kneading” and refers to the combining of water (a liquid) and flour (a solid of small parts) together into one unit (Rambam; Eglei Tal). Like tochen, losh was performed in the Mishkan when preparing the dyes (Rashi, Shabbat 73a) and is also performed during the process of making bread.

2. There are two steps to kneading: A) Pouring water into flour, and B) kneading the water and flour together. Both parts are forbidden practically, though the first may qualify only as a rabbinic prohibition rather than the biblical melachah of losh (see Shulchan Aruch 324:3 and Mishna Berurah 324:10).

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Dedicated by Fran Broder as a zechus for the hostages to be released safely to their families and may everlasting peace come to Eretz Yisrael in the merit of learning Hilchos Shabbos.